Summary

Space surveillance networks are tracking approximately 40,000 objects in Earth's orbit, with only about 11,000 being active satellites. The European Space Agency estimates that more than 1.2 million debris fragments larger than one centimeter are circulating in orbit.

Key Facts

• Approximately 40,000 objects are being tracked in Earth orbit, with only 11,000 being functional
• An estimated 1.2 million debris fragments larger than one centimeter exist in orbit
• Small debris traveling at orbital velocities can cause catastrophic damage to spacecraft

Context

Space debris consists of defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from past collisions or disintegration events. Objects as small as one centimeter can cause severe damage to operational spacecraft due to the extreme velocities involved in orbital collisions.

The growing population of debris has prompted increasing concern among space agencies and researchers. Each collision creates additional fragments, potentially triggering a cascade effect that could render certain orbital zones unusable for future missions. This scenario, known as Kessler syndrome, represents a long-term threat to satellite-based communications, navigation, and Earth observation systems.

International discussions continue regarding debris mitigation guidelines and potential cleanup technologies, though no comprehensive regulatory framework currently exists to manage the growing problem.

Sources

• El Observador